7th Grade Essay Prompts

7th Grade Essay Prompts By seventh grade, students should be refining the core writing skills of brainstorming, researching, outlining, drafting, and revising. In order to hone these skills, seventh-grade students need regular practice writing a variety of essay styles, including narrative, persuasive, expository, and creative essays. The following essay prompts offer age-appropriate starting points to help seventh graders flex their writing muscles. Narrative Essay Writing Prompts Narrative essays share a personal experience to tell a story,  usually  to make a point rather than  merely to  entertain. These narrative essay prompts encourage students to describe and reflect on a story thats meaningful to them. Embarrassing Pasts - As people get older, they are sometimes embarrassed by things they used to like, such as toys, television shows, or nicknames. Describe  something that you used to enjoy that you now find embarrassing. Why is it embarrassing now?Bonds of Hardship - Sometimes difficulties  draw families closer.  Describe something that your family endured together that strengthened your relationships.There’s No Place Like Home - What makes your hometown special?  Explain this special quality.New Kid  in Town  - Being  new  to a  town or school can be challenging because you don’t know anyone, or exciting because no one knows you and your past. Describe a time when you were the new kid.Finders Keepers  -  Write about a time when you lost (or found) something of value. How did that experience affect your opinion of the saying, â€Å"Finders keepers; losers weepers?Follow the Leader -  Describe a time when you were in a leadership role.  How d id it make you feel? What did you learn from the experience? April Fools -  Write about the best prank you’ve ever played on someone (or had played on you).  What made it so clever or funny?Bon Appetit - Special meals can be powerful memory-makers. Write about a specific meal that stands out in your memory. What made it so unforgettable?Bon Voyage - Family trips and vacations also create lasting memories. Write an essay  detailing  your favorite family vacation memory.Batter Up -  Write about a valuable lesson that you learned while playing your favorite sport.Best Friends Forever -  Describe your friendship with your BFF and what makes it so important to you.The Real Me -  What is one thing you wish your parents, teachers, or coaches really understood or knew about you?TV  -  Explain what makes your  favorite television show  so enjoyable or relatable to you. Persuasive Essay Writing Prompts Persuasive essays use facts and reasoning to convince the reader to embrace the writer’s opinion or take a course of action. These essay prompts empower seventh graders to write persuasively about an issue they genuinely care about.   Outdated Laws - What is one law or family or school rule that you think needs to be changed?  Convince lawmakers, your parents, or school leaders to make the change.Bad Ads - Advertising can have a powerful impact on consumers.  What is a  product that you’ve seen advertised that you don’t think should be? Explain why  the media should quit showing these ads.Puppy Love - You want a pet, but your parents don’t think you need one. What would you say to change their minds?Lights, Camera - What is your favorite book of all time? Write an essay  convincing  a producer to make a movie about it.Snooze Button - Studies have shown that tweens and teens need more sleep.  Write a proposal for a later school  start time.Body Shop - Magazines can negatively impact their readers’ body image by using edited images of models. Convince a teen magazine publisher that they should not use heavily-edited model images in their publication.It Can’t Be Over - The  network is canceling  your favorite television  show. Write a paper convincing the station that they’re making a mistake. Curfews -  Some malls have policies forbidding kids under 18 to be at the mall without adult supervision during certain times. Do you think this is fair or unfair? Defend your position.Team Spirit - Should homeschooled students be allowed to play sports on public or private school teams? Why or why not?Smartphones - All of your friends have the latest smartphone, but you only have a â€Å"dumb phone.† Should your parents  upgrade your phone, or are smartphones for middle school kids a bad idea?Bullies - Some dogs, such as pit bulls or  Dobermans, are labeled â€Å"bully breeds.†Ã‚  Is this label deserved or undeserved?Money Can’t Buy You Love - People say that money can’t buy  happiness, but some studies have shown that people with higher incomes may be happier. Do you think  this is true? Why or why not?Ratings -  There are age restrictions on movies and video games, ratings on  television shows, and  warning labels on music. Computers and smartphones offer parental controls. Do adults have too much control over what kids watch and listen to or do these restrictions serve a valuable purpose? Expository Essay Writing Prompts Expository essays describe a process or provide factual information. These prompts can serve as jumping-off points for the explanatory process.   School’s in Session - Would you rather attend public school, private school, or be homeschooled. Explain the benefits of your choice.Admiration  -  Who do you  admire from your life or history? Write an essay describing how their character or contributions to their community have earned your respect.Global Community -  If you could live anywhere in the world, where would you live? Write about your dream hometown and why you want to live there.Peer Problems - Peer pressure and bullying can make life as a middle school student difficult.  Describe a time you were pressured or bullied and how it affected you.Order Up -  A friend wants to learn how to make your favorite food.  Detail the process, step-by-step, so your friend can recreate the dish.Addictions - Many  people are impacted by drug or alcohol addictions. Share facts about how  the  use of these substances negatively affects families or communities.  Serve Others - Community service is a valuable ex perience. Describe a time you volunteered. What did you do and how did it make you feel? City or Country Mouse - Do you live in a big city or a small town? Explain why you do or don’t like living there.Aspirations - What  do you want to be when you’re an adult? Explain why you’d choose that  career  or what you’ll do to prepare for it.Point in Time - Sometimes people bury time capsules so  future generations can learn about the past. What would you  include to give an accurate snapshot of life in the current time?Hobbyist  -  You’re  friend  wants to take up your favorite hobby. Explain  it to him.SOS - A natural disaster has destroyed homes and businesses in a nearby city. Describe what you can do to help.Wonder Twin Power  - Some superheroes can fly or  become invisible. If you could have any superpower, what would it be and why? Creative Essay Writing Prompts Creative essays are fictional stories.  They use  plot, character, and dialog to engage and entertain the reader. These prompts will get the creative juices flowing.   Fan Fic -  Write a story about your favorite characters from a book, film, or television show.Cats vs. Dogs - You have two pets of different species. Write a story from their point of view about a day  at home alone.Time Travel - You find a time machine in your backyard. What happens when you step inside?Dream State - Think about a time when you woke in the middle of a vivid dream. What would have happened if the dream  hadn’t been interrupted?New Door  -  You’ve just  discovered a door that you’ve never seen before. What happens when you walk through it?Secret Keeper - You find out your best friend has kept a secret from you. What is the secret and why didn’t your friend tell you?Fridge Fun - Write a story from the perspective of an item in your refrigerator.Desert Island - You’ve just discovered an uncharted island. What happens next?Fly on the Wall  - You  see two people talking excitedly, but you can’t hear what theyâ€⠄¢re saying.  Write a story about what they might be saying.Special Delivery - You receive a battered package in the mail. Write a story about its journey from the sender to you. A Mile in My Shoes - You find a pair of shoes in the thrift store and put them on. Suddenly you find yourself transported into someone else’s life. Describe what happens.Mission to Mars - Imagine that you’re a pioneer to start a colony on Mars. Write about a typical day on your new planet.Snow Days - You find yourself snowed in for a week with your family. There is no electricity or phone service.  What do you do for fun?

Where Text Meets Flesh Essays

Where Text Meets Flesh Essays Where Text Meets Flesh Essay Where Text Meets Flesh Essay In his article â€Å"Where Text Meets Flesh, â€Å" James Benn details the textual justifications for the burning of flesh in the Buddhist tradition in China and other Sinitic countries.   According to Benn, the relationship between this practice and its textual precedents is a tenuous one.   He believes that this practice was kept alive simply because those whose interests it served to continue this form of body modification wrote texts to solidify it into Eastern Buddhist practice. He cites two specific cases where this practice was justified, the Fanwang jing and the Shouleng’yan jing, both apocryphal texts, where these writings were â€Å"not only justified such extreme acts as autocremation and the burning of fingers but were also used to establish burning at ordination.†Ã‚   His thesis is that this act was not originally endorsed by Indian Buddhist monks, citing that, â€Å"no clear and unambiguous justification for burning the body could be found in texts of non-Chinese origin hence texts†¦were created in order to provide one.† Benn’s arguments against the inherent approval in Buddhism self-immolation and moxibustion are convincing and correct.   That is, he is completely justified in saying that the practice of the burning of the flesh is only established in the texts and, as such, exists as a rite simply because of the incorporation of pre-Buddhist rituals into pre-Buddhist literature.   His arguments are sound because he conducts an extensive literature search and does well in linking the statements of the literature to the historical context of the era.   He also cites anecdotal cases where necessary.   All of these elements   together do a good job in convincing the reader of Benn’s thesis. One   of the first things the author does is establishes the credibility of the practice in pre-Buddhist ritual.   He writes, â€Å"The practice existed in China long before the composition of the Fanwang jing or the Shouleng’yan jing†¦in the forms of (1)moxibustion and (2) ritual autocremation in praying for rain.† In emphasizing this, he underlines the strong link between Chinese traditions and this practice.   Buddhism was a foreign religion imported into China, so it is believable that some justifications were created to incorporate indigenous practices into formal rituals.   He backs up his ideas with references from the literature, stating that â€Å"the inspiration for this†¦precept is most likely drawn from the Lotus Sutra†¦what contains a story of a bodhisattva who burned his arms,† continuing with, â€Å"body burners†¦could point to this text with some confidence and say that†¦they were merely doing as the Buddha had told them,† citing invoking strong proof that this practice is linked to texts that instruct the faithful to carry them out in a similar manner. He also cites specific instaces of justification for autocremation and self-immolation by the use of the Fanwang jing or the Shouleng’yan jing.   One such instance was of the Song Tiantai master Zhili, â€Å"who used the two passages to justify his own proposed autocremation.†Ã‚   Zhili wrote letters to the Song writer Yang Yi, who asked Zhili not to perform these acts and remain alive. In these letters, the master â€Å"explicity cites both the Fanwang jing or the Shouleng’yan jing   as justification for his actions.   This letter by Zhili is probably as close to the mind of a self-immolator as it is possible for us to get.†Ã‚  Ã‚   He also excecises credibility by using the accounts of observers, such as J.J.M. de Groot and Johannes Prip-Moller , who actually spent time at monestaries supporting this practice. In summary, there are several methods that Benn uses which make it easy to conclude that self-immolation in China is linked solely to justification of written Chinese Buddhist texts.   First, the author establishes the practice as pre-Buddhist and cites non-Buddhists, such as Zhili, who used the practice in praying for rain.   Second, he specifically cites the two sources that justify this practice in a Chinese context.  Ã‚   And third, he cites the observations of actual anthropologists who recorded at monasteries, to add to his convincing evidence.

Stressors and Stress Management Mechanisms among First-Year School Research Paper

Stressors and Stress Management Mechanisms among First-Year School Principals - Research Paper Example Literature Review This study was conducted based on knowledge and experience brought forward by previous authors and researchers. To gain a wholesome understanding of the whole stress phenomenon, the literature review was conducted in threefold. Firstly, literature review on stressors among first-year principals was investigated. Secondly, studies on effects of stressors were evaluated in the lens of burnout theory. Finally, different ways of stress management options were considered. There is overwhelming evidence that first-year principals and assistant principals are predisposed to various stressors. Young did an elaborate study on some of the major causes of stress among school principals. He concluded, â€Å"The obvious problem of juggling multiple issues that vary in priority requires a blend of wisdom and maturity. New people are unlikely to poses these qualities at the start of their careers in administration† (Young 516). In another independent study on stressors on s chool principals Brock and Grady came up with a finding that â€Å"Some administrators feel overburdened with stress at work. They struggle to maintain high productivity despite the stress. Reluctant to ask for assistance and fearing being perceived as weak or lacking leadership ability (Brock and Grady 60). Whereas evidence points to presence of stressing conditions among first-year principals and assistant principals, it was reported that the condition could even be much worse for principals taking their first-year roles in institutions of special education. This is because these institutions need special attention and profound leadership due to its sensitivity in nature. Johnson claims, â€Å"Special educators are at the highest... The results of this paper confirmed similar previous works done under relatively similar conditions and frames of study. The major stressor was found to be high expectation from all stakeholders especially when the principal encountered a school with discipline and performance issues. The inability to make profound decisions due to lack of experience in the new environment was a major stressor among many of the principals. Overwhelming activities associated with the position was reported to be quite a challenge particularly for principals taking the position for the first time. Effects of stress were common among all the subjects of study. Stress manifested itself physically and psychologically. However, stress management mechanisms varied widely from one principal to another though there was considerable overlap of the same. It is therefore important that the results of this study were taken seriously by anyone considering making further progress in this matter. It has been found th at stress among first-year principals and their assistants is a reality. It is also important to note that there exists several stress management mechanisms that can be used by first-year principals to ensure that their integration on the new positions takes place effectively. The results of the study are not exclusive for first-year principals only but can be applied across a wide variety of other related disciplines.

Comparison between the two countries Italy & Singpore Essay

Comparison between the two countries Italy & Singpore - Essay Example This comparison-contrast can serve to further better the understanding between both of these nations. II. Climate The climates of Italy and Singapore, most often are both moderate in temperature, especially warmer temperaturas. What differs between Italy and Singapore is that, Italy also has regions which can be very cold during the daytime, whereas in Singapore, that is unheard of, generally speaking. Another difference is that Singapore also has unusually hot temperatures—the likes of which Italy may have at times, but does not have for sustained periods like Singapore as much, generally speaking throughout the entire region of Italy. Although climates vary with geography, generally speaking, Italy, on average, probably has much cooler temperatures than Singapore overall—although Italy and Singapore can have similar temperatures at some junctures. However, Singapore is more likely than Italy to have unbearably hot weather, which might only be experienced in certain so uthern portions of Italy or on Italian islands in the Mediterranean. In that sense, Italy has more moderate temperatures. III. Geography Geographically speaking, Italy and Singapore both have one facet in common: they both have low-lying areas. According to Richmond (2003), â€Å"Singapore consists of the main, low-lying Singapore lsland and 63 other, much smaller† islands (pp. 18). Although most of Italy is very high above sea level, both countries have geographical similarity in the sense that both Italy and Singapore have lowlands. According to Favor (2004), â€Å"Most of Italy's terrain is rugged and mountainous, with some plains and coastal lowlands† (pp. 11). ... 11). Thus, unlike Italy, Singapore is much less likely to have land that is very high above sea level—leaving much of its land vulnerable to tsunamis and flooding. Italian geography along the seacoast would most likely be the area that would be most vulnerable to flooding of any type since these areas are, speaking generally, at or below sea level in terms of being either plains or low-lying coastland. IV. Location Regarding location, Italy and Singapore do not share much in common except to say that they are both countries that are on the same planet and that they are in the southeastern portion of their continents. Yes, Italy and Singapore are both countries on the planet, but the other similarity is that Italy is located in southeastern Europe, while Singapore is located in southeast Asia. Other than that, Italy and Singapore do not share any similarities with regard to location. The main differences with regard to location are that Italy is located in Europe, while Singapo re is located in Asia. These are the obvious, major differences. Another difference is that Italy is located in a Mediterranean climate, while Singapore is located in a tropical climate because it is located practically on the Equator. Thus, with regards to location, Italy and Singapore do have at least two similarities and two differences. V. Culture In terms of culture, Italy and Singapore both share a commonality: Italian culture is subject to the greater European culture, while Singaporean culture is subject to Chinese culture (which dominates Asia). Italy’s culture share remnants of European culture overall, while Singaporean culture retains elements of Chinese culture (because Chinese culture is one of the most dominant cultures in Asia). According to Wyer, Chiu, & Hong

Summary of Gender Quality and Race Relations Essay

Summary of Gender Quality and Race Relations - Essay Example nous people, or women start to win significant seats, legislative dynamics transform since newcomers may require scarce political resources that certain class of people controls. For instance, in case of a political party, the incumbents have incentives to limit the newcomers from accessing the resources because they want to protect their personal interests. In turn, the new group is locked out of the legislative process in the sense that they are not fully incorporated. The authors assert that newcomer groups like women are denied full representation via different means. For instance, traditionally dominant group use chamber-level constraints to frustrate the newcomers in the sense that they are challenged to get seats proportionally to their numbers in the house or chamber. Other methods traditional dominant groups use to sideline women in legislature include control over committee assignments where the party leaders decide who fills the seat, legislative experience, party ideology , individual-level and party-level constraint, and structure of the committee system. In this paper, the authors discuss the existence of inequality in Latin America. The authors argue that the traditional question of the discipline regarding the distribution of power and resources still haunts the continent. This is because the question of who gets what and why has never been answered. The authors assert that in Latin American the allocation and distribution of services, goods, and basic opportunities is unequal since some few individual control the resources. The authors have discovered that the inequality that exists in Latin America is a problem created by the continents leaders since top 5% of the Latin American income ladder gets twice the comparable share of their OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) partners while the bottom gets half of what they would in those same countries. In turn, this distributive model has led to marginalization of some

Most Important World Famous Educationists Theology Religion Essay

Most Important World Famous Educationists Theology Religion Essay Plato and Rousseau are the most important world famous educationists who have contributed much to the advancement of human civilization. Present education system of the world stands on both the above thinkers. Platos educational philosophy was grounded in his famous work The Republic, The Laws wherein the individual was best served by being subordinated to a just society. Rousseau wrote in his book Emile, Discourse of Political Economy, The New Heloise and Considerations on the Government of Poland. In keeping in mind the philosophies, ideas of Plato and Rousseau on education theory discussed above, this study focuses on the similarities and dissimilarities between these two philosophers share in regard of philosophy of education. It also aims at finding out the influences among the education theories of Plato and Rousseau have on contemporary and succeeding generations. All over the world in general, and at measuring the influences reflected in planning and designing the national education policy in Bangladesh in particular. 1.2 Rationale of the Study This research is mainly for gathering knowledge. Every movement or social situation has a chronology. Without understanding this chronology, it is difficult to understand the current situation of that movement. Plato and Rousseaus Education theories contributed much to the salvation of their country men which is really praiseworthy. Their theoretical and practical efforts helped to break the long standing superstitions, blind faith and absurd ideas. This study will be a matter of great teaching for the present and succeeding generations that will fulfill the knowledge gap existing in this area. Their realistic and utilitarian views on education certainly will play an effective role in preparing modern citizens fit for modern world. The investigated information drawn from the comparative study on the education theory of Plato and Rousseau in planning and designing can be used in the formulation of national education policy of our country. 1.3 General Objective of the Study The general objective of the study is to Analyze a comparative study on the educational theory of Plato and Rousseau. 1.4 Specific Objectives of the Study The specific objectives of the study are to Assess, evaluate and compare the philosophy of education developed by Plato and Rousseau. Find out the influence of their philosophy of education on contemporary and succeeding generations. Assess the role of Philosophy of Plato and Rousseau in planning and designing the national education policy in our country. 1.5 Research Questions of the Study What did Plato and Rousseau mean by philosophy of education? What roles did Plato and Rousseau play to the development of the philosophy of education? What influences did the philosophies of education of Plato and Rousseau have on the contemporary philosophers and thinkers? What are the results to be drawn from the comparative study between the philosophies of education of Plato and Rousseau? What roles of philosophy of Plato and Rousseau in planning and deigning the national education policy in our country? 1.6 Definition of Key Terms Education Etymologically, the word education is derived from Educare (Latin) bring up, which is related to Educere bring out, bring forth what is within, bring out potential and Ducere to lead (Source www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=educate; video.ted.com/talks/podcast/AimeeMullins_2009p.mp4). Theory Some social researchers have meant by theory special ideas such as- concept, frame of reference, conceptual scheme, perspective, hypothesis, generalization, ideal type, paradigm, typology etc. (Alam, 1993, p. 107) Education theory Educational theory may refer to either speculative educational thought in general or to a theory of education as something that guides, explains or describes educational practice. Philosophy Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind and language. 1.7 Scope of the Study This research will cover Plato and Rousseaus thoughts along with the Major writings on them. Available information on them from Magazines and newspapers of that time are also used to find out their actual philosophy of education. We shall discuss their philosophy of education along with the thoughts of other philosophers who have contributed much to the development of education in modern society. We shall assimilate the ideas of Plato and Rousseau with the ideas of other philosophers of education. In this way the researcher would make a comprehensive study on the philosophy of education. 1.8 Limitations of the Study The study would be mainly based on printed documents such as various articles, essays, journals, books and research works done on the comparative study on the educational theory of Plato and Rousseau. Concurrently all information from individuals related to the present study needs more time and money. There are only few research work conducted on the issue and very few articles might be published on the journals but the researcher did not find any research work on that issue in Bangladesh. Chapter 2: Review of Literature Reviewing literature means study of other literatures for finding out the research gap. So far as the researcher has surveyed, this is a new field to study. The researcher has gone through all the writings of Plato, as well as good number of books written on him such as: The Republic, Laws etc. The researcher also reviewed books written by Rousseau. These are: Emile, Discourse on Equality, A discourse on political Economy, Social contract etc. Here, the researcher has presented some studies related to Plato and Rousseaus education theory by different researchers like Patricia M. Lines, Shackling the Imagination: Education for Virtue in Plato and Rousseau. Many aspects of Platos recommendations for education resemble those adopted by constitutional democracies in different countries. According to him education must be compulsory and free to all, with government control and support. Plato identified four interdependent virtues (Wisdom, Courage, Discipline and Justice) as essential to b e ideal in The Republic. Wisdom guides the philosopher-ruler. Courage moves the auxiliaries (the soldiers and the bureaucrats). Discipline, sometimes translated as moderation, assures that each class carries out its assigned role and that the governed obey the governors. Justice- the supreme ordering principle-ensures harmony and balance within the individual and the state. These virtues should lead to a full understanding of the Truth, the Good and the Beautiful, which according to Plato is the highest reality. Like Plato, Rousseau aims at creating an ideal citizen. Unlike Plato, he wants to prepare this citizen for democracy. Rousseau regards virtue as the ultimate goal of education. He offers a simple rule. Emile the Hero in his book must never harm another. To achieve this goal, the tutor isolates the children from others. Both Plato and Rousseau offer a limited view of virtue. Still, both reveal a certainty that they fully understand and know how to encourage the right virtues. (www.amazon.com/shackling-immagination-education-rousseau-humanitas/dp/b0043uonp08) Samuel Scolnicov, Plato on Education as the Development of Reason. Plato stresses his Socrates new concept of reason (nous). Reason is not a tool for attaining goals independently thought worthwhile: possessions, honor, personal and political success; rather, rationality itself, expressed in the giving of reasons and the avoidance of contradictions, confers value to goals and opinions. The ultimate educational objective, then, is to bring about a revolution in the learners perception of the role of reason, namely the recognition of its normative, and not merely theoretical or instrumental nature. Platos theory of education aims at specifying the conditions of the growth of the Socratic man, whose soul is free from contradictions and whose excellence is justified knowledge.(www.bu.edu/wcp/papers/Anci/Anciscol.htm) Farhan Zainulabideen, A Critical Review of the Aims of Education in the Western Traditi on. Plato is the earliest important thinker on education. He is also the first to have laid down a comprehensive outlook of education that was integrated with his views of society and its aims. In Republic, Platos primary aim of education is to produce the elites needed to govern the ideal city. The supreme product of the education process is the philosopher-king who rules the city. The highest aim of education for Plato is the knowledge of good, which in turn instills the four great virtues: wisdom, courage, discipline and justice. Jean-Jacques Rousseaus intellectual range and achievements are staggering. He made epochal contributions to political theory, literature and education. His educational tract, Emile, transformed the debate about children upbringing and was very largely instrumental in altering the Western perception of childhood. He overturned conventional wisdom on the nature of childhood and education with a radical discourse in this fictional novel. The fundamentals of Rousseaus educational creed are nature and freedom. He believed that children should develop their skill and capacity in nature and enjoy freedom. This goal in education was actually the first step in ensuring a more social society, where natural law is seen to accomplish harmony and balance and to get rid of artificial man-imposed coercive restrictions (http//www.ips.org.pk/education/IIII-acriticalreviewoftheaimsof education). Plato was disturbed by condition of society, its corruption and shallow-dreams. In his famous work The Republic, Plato tried to teach Good and beauty to his students (Lee, 1987, p. 161). Jean-Jacques Rousseau convinced that men and women had lost their worth that can be revived in natural phenomena so that we might learn to live together in ways that foster a better ethics of citizenship (Bloom, 1979, p. 25). Rousseau believes that the primary goal of education is to prepare men and women to be moral agents who, while living autonomously, also live with each other. Many researches have been done on various aspects of Plato and Rousseau. But no research has yet been done on the problem of education theory of Plato and Rousseau. So there may be some gap in this field. For this reason this problem may be an important issue of a research work. The present study is such an attempt. Chapter 3: Methodology The methodology of the present research is descriptive and qualitative. Generally descriptive research is done on education related problem, academic decision making, designing plan, changing the curriculum and etc.(Samad, 2010, p.21) Qualitative research is done on some qualitative events or topics (that are related with quality). Qualitative research is very important especially in behaviorism. Because through education the personality of a man changes. (Tapan, 1987, p.21) The main characteristic of the descriptive research is to provide reasonable explanation of the topic through data analysis. So it is found that descriptive research not only includes the description of the event or situation/state/condition but also includes comparative discussion, classification, explanation and evaluation.(Ali, 1988, p.19) In a descriptive research a researcher does not control the data. Only the process of observation, description and analysis of data can be controlled.(Zaman, 1987, p.7) Aristotle for the first time used deductive method in case of presenting descriptive method through argument and after a century later Francis Bacon used the direct observational method. This method is known as inductive method. In this method data are collected sequentially from every field and decision is made. Inductive method is from particular to general. On the other hand, deductive method is from general to particular. (Zaman, 1987, p.11, 12) So, Qualitative and Descriptive method fits well in accomplishing the present research study from the selection of the materials till the completion of the research work. It includes the collection of material leaving no gap in the connected aspects of the study, the scanning of the materials, their systematization and synchronization so that clear vision becomes apparent to complete the dissertation. Moreover, this method also covers, while writing the thesis, the arguments in favor of and against the problem raised and then ratification of powerful opinion with convincing evidences and arguments. First the information has been collected from primary and secondary sources. The writings of Plato and Rousseau have been considered as the Primary data (Plato: The Republic and The Laws. Rousseau: Emile, Discourse of Political Economy, The New Heloise, and Considerations on the Government of Poland) and the writings on Plato and Rousseau published in various books, journals, article and r esearch works have been considered as the Secondary data. The researcher has identified the contradiction carefully among educational theory of Plato and Rousseau maintaining strict objectivity to fulfill the aims and purpose of the present study. The collected data have been analyzed in order to find out the similarity and dissimilarity between Plato and Rousseau and by their thinking what kind of philosophy developed and influenced the succeeding generations. The researcher has used the logical analysis for data analysis. The researcher has followed the American Psychological Association (APA) code and conduct for using the reference. Chapter 4: Plato Platos Philosophy of Education Platos educational philosophy was grounded in his vision of the ideal The Republic, The Laws wherein the individual was best served by being subordinated to a just society. Plato proposes a thoroughgoing communism for the guardians, and (I think) also for the soldiers, though this is not very clear. The guardians are to have small houses and simple food; they are to live as in a camp, dining together in companies; they a re to have no private property beyond what is absolutely necessary (Russell, 1946, p. 127). Socialism is now out-dated in the present world. Most of the people in the world now believe in individual freedom. The system that Plato has talked about for philosophers with a view to building an ideal state is not effective in most of the countries including Bangladesh. The Educational Theory of Plato Platos Theory of education was an indispensable necessity for mankind. It was a positive remedy for the problems and operation of justice in an ideal state. Rousseau says, Platos Republic is not a work on polities but the finest treatise on education that has ever been written. Nothing was more important to Plato in human life as education. He considers education the greatest thing in human life as he mentions in his famous book The Republic, the one great thing. Major ideas in Platos educational theory are Education for all: Plato would educate every boy and girl to the limits of their abilities. State education: Education should be provided by the state, not by parents. Platos suggestion was that the state will take the responsibility of educating the whole nation has been accepted in most of the countries. But it is not still properly implemented in Bangladesh because of her scarcity of fund and inability of parents but the country is trying to educate her all children. Aims of Education To produce future civil servants for the state. To produce virtuous, efficient and intellectual rulers for the country. To glorify courage and military skill among the warriors. To develop competent, obedient, and temperate workers. To develop a social disposition among all citizens. Virtue is knowledge and education is the main thing to acquire virtue. (Bhuiyan, 2010, p. 269) It (Platos theory of education) is an attempt to cure a mental malady by mental medicine (Barker, 1967, p. 314). Element of Platos Education System The first thing should be considered in education, which is divided into two parts- Music Music used in broad term for drama, history, art, letters, philosophy, oratory and music in real term. Music means everything that is in the province of the muses (Russell, 1946, p. 126). Plato had made Protagoras speak of childrens training in music as introducing rhythm and harmony into their souls and having a socializing influence; for the whole life of man stands in need of rhythm and harmony. Music is almost as wide as what we should call culture (Cornford, 1941, p. 86). Music is not taught as a compulsory subject in our country as it was advocated by Plato. Nevertheless there are individual departments of Music and Theatre in public universities where students with special interests can study music. Gymnastic Gymnastic means physical training and fitness (Russell, 1946, p. 126). Gymnastics is somewhat wider than what we call athletics. The physical training suitable for a citizen soldier is briefly contrasted with that of the professional athlete. Finally, it appears that physical training, no less than education in literature and the arts, really has to do with the soul (Cornford, 1941, p. 90). Physical exercise is not taught as a compulsory subject in our country as it was advocated by Plato. But there are individual departments of Physical Exercise in public universities where students with special interests can study physical exercise. Physical exercise is of paramount importance in Bangladesh Army. In every institution in Bangladesh there is a course on physical exercise which is mandatory in military institutions only. Plato writes in his book The Republic. I believe, gymnastic, for the body, and music for the mind. The Curriculum of Platos Education System Plato define different stages for the organization and curriculum Primary Education: Primary education mainly consisted of reading and writing (Grammatic); learning and reciting epic and dramatic poetry, lyre-playing and singing lyric poetry, the rudiments of arithmetic and geometry (Music); and athletic exercises (Gymnastic) (Cornford, 1941, p. 65). Co-education at primary level till the age of eighteen years.The age that Plato has advocated for primary education is not totally accepted in our country. Rather it is confined within 6 to 11 years. In our country primary education is free and compulsory. The compulsory primary education law what Plato has talked about has been passed in Bangladesh in 1992. Military Training: After elementary education two years of Physical education should be given to them and be selected for higher education to prepare for the future guardians of the state. Military education is not compulsory in our country as Plato has proposed. It is only compulsory for those who are physically fit and interested in taking military training. Higher Education: Higher education should be given from twenty to thirty-five years of age. At this stage a student will study mathematics, arithmetic, geometry, solid geometry, astronomy, harmonics, dialectic, program of studies, literature and philosophy. Later on he would be fit for a minor administrative position to get experience for the future more important governing positions. (Cornford, 1941, p. 230). Our education system is not very lengthy as Plato has advocated. In our country one can enter into any profession after completing ones higher education or can study for getting M.Phil and Ph.D degree. Plato has divided his educational curriculum into two levels. They are as follows: Primary level of education Higher level of education/ Higher education. Primary Education First stage (0-06) Up to 6 years children will be provided with education to flourish his/her latent talents. Meanwhile they will be taught politeness, mannerism and good taste. Second stage (06-18) From 6 to 18 years children will be taught only literature, music, and preliminary education on mathematics. Meanwhile children will be able to attain the great qualities such as self-control, disciplinary, punctuality, and the belief on the God. Third stage (18-20) Age from 18 to 20 years will be fixed for students physical exercise and military education. There will be no chance to teach any other subject within this time. The main purpose of this stage is to keep body fit and strong. Those who will succeed in the test at the end of the primary level will get the opportunity of receiving higher education. Higher education First stage (20-30) This stage covers from 20 to 30 years. In this stage human beings will acquire knowledge on astrology, higher math, geometry, and music. In this stage they will be taught very carefully on these subjects and there will be an attempt to establish the relationship between math and reality. Second stage (30-35) This stage ranges from 30 to 35 years. In this stage students will be taught philosophy, logic and metaphysics etc. Third stage (35-50) This stage covers the time from 35 to 50 years. In this stage the students will acquire practical knowledge by combining their acquired knowledge and their real life experience, and they will be vested with small responsibilities of the state (Talukder and Awal, 2011, p. 95, 96). Plato classified the stages of education 2500 hundred years ago which has been adopted and differently categorized in four stages to meet the demands of the modern time. These stages are primary education, secondary education, higher secondary education and higher education. Platos View on Women Education Plato also gives emphasis on women education and he prescribes the same kind of education for women like men. Women should have the same physical and educational training; they should know the art of war. The main aim of Plato was that each member of the society should undertake his work and responsibilities. Plato believed that women are equal to men and in some cases women are physically weaker than men or may not. He suggested that those who are equal to men should be allowed to learn the same thing like men. In his book The Republic Plato describes how male and female receive the same education and be given the same duties in society. Thus the male and the female should be given the same duty of The Republic. (Cornford, 1941, p. 141) Platos opinion regarding women education has received the attention of the people of all over the world and the present world has accepted the ideas of Plato. It has also been accepted in Bangladesh which has enormously enriched the nation. As a resu lt, there is seen the empowerment of women folk. Platos opinion about women education has been received almost in many countries in the present world. The outcome of women education is as we see that many women, the Prime Minister, foreign minister, opposition party leader are in various important positions in Bangladesh. Teaching Methods Plato suggested different ways to educate the children such as through telling stories, play and imitation. Plato gives importance to nursery education, he thinks nursery education plays a vital role in the education of man; it helps to build his moral character and state of mind The most important part of education is proper training in the nursery. Enforced exercise does no harm to the body, but enforced learning will not stay in the mind. (Nath, 1979, p. 57) In our country Platos material for education is used for the development of education. Besides, multimedia projector and visual sound system are used in higher level educational institutions, and maps, charts and models in primary level. Platos View on Moral Ethics Plato presents his ideas for an ideal society in the The Republic and he provided details about the curriculum and system of education. According to Plato the ideal society should care for their youth and the guardians would be responsible for the moral education of their children. Every person would know his duty and his responsibility. (Bhuiyan, 2010, p. 269) Plato talked about moral education in 427 BC, which is of paramount importance still in the perspective of Bangladesh. We teach our children moral lessons from the very beginning which is started by the parents, grandfathers and grandmothers. Moral institutions are also imparted to the student by their teachers in the schools, colleges and universities. Besides these, ethics is included in many disciplines in our country. Moral deterioration is very acute in everywhere. The only way to get rid of this problem is to practice or nourish moral education properly. Chapter 5: Rousseau Rousseaus Philosophy of Education Rousseaus philosophy of education is called the philosophy of Naturalism. Rousseaus philosophy of life and society has been reflected in his philosophy of education. Proper education is achieved through the understanding of natural objects and beauties. In this system, nature itself is the teacher. According to Rousseau, children will learn from three sorts of teachers such as nature, human being and objects. Having influenced and taught by this three sources is called an educated man by Rousseau. We can control human being and objects. But we cannot control nature. So education should be confined to the rules of nature. Go back to the lap of nature this idea is closely associated with Rousseau. In his book Emile, (Nurnobi, Fouzia and Champa., 2006, p. 277) he used nature in three senses. Psychological Nature, Physical Nature, Biological Nature Rousseaus views on the aim of education Rousseau opines that the aim of education is not only to acquire knowledge but also to help flourishing of childrens talents. The aim of education for children will be different on the basis of its age. In childhood, education should build up its physical development. There is no need of moral and social teaching. The education in boyhood should aim at the exercise of sensual and mental development. The purpose of female education should be preparing a woman fit for her male counterpart. Excessive learning is not necessary for the womenfolk. (Dali and Imam, 1999, p. 42) Curriculum of Rousseau The education curriculum of Rousseau is not definite and well planned. Rousseau launched a war against the conventional education. So he was against the traditional curriculum. Rousseau did not like reading books. He said, Books teach us to talk about something on which we have no practical knowledge. Nonetheless, he selected the novel Robinson Crusoe as mandatory for Emile. According to him, this book can help Emile to be self-confident and self-sufficient. According to curriculum, physical exercise and health education have been given much emphasis in adolescence. Importance has also been given on the arts of hand made goods and vocational works. He has also talked about religious and moral education. But he was against Female education. Household chores will be learning tasks of women. Rousseaus education related curriculum is not precise and well planned. (Uddin and Das, 2006, p. 247, 248) His education system which he advocated about 200 years ago is not fully coherent with the exiting education curriculum of Bangladesh. Nevertheless, the appeal and the necessity of his education about nature are still effective. For example, novel laureate poet Rabindranath Tagore has established Shanty Nike ton in the midst of nature. Even in Bangladesh, Rajshahi, Chittagong, and Jahanggirnagor universities are established in the midst of natural beauties so that students and teachers can learn from nature. Teaching style of Rousseau His teaching method was inventive. In this method, a children is kept in the place of invention. A children learns through the process of examination. (Dali and Imam, 1999, p. 43) In fact, through the process of Rousseaus thinking laboratory method, invention method, education through work, sensual experience method were emerged. Rousseaus discovery method of learning is relevant to the existing creative method of Bangladesh. Because in the creative method, there is always a riddle or a story where students are to discover or find out the answers. Educational Framework Rousseau suggested two types of education framework based on different conditions Firstly, education framework for a state and society Secondly, education for preserving survival of civilization Stages of Education in Emile He divided education systems in five stages. Such as- Stage 1 Infancy (0-5): Education in infancy must be based on physique so that the limbs of a children should be developed proportionally. No need to develop any habit at this time. He said A children is bad because he is weak; make him strong and he will be good. Everything is good as it leaves the hands of the Author of things; everything degenerates in the hands of man (Bloom, 1979, p. 37). Stage 2 The age of Nature (5-12): No particular traditional education should be given now. No education on language, history, geography needs to be provided now. Even religious education is not necessary. Rousseau said, Exercise the body, the organs, the senses and powers, but keep the soughing follow as long as you can. (Cited in Bhuiyan, 2010, p. 313). Stage 3 Pre-adolescence (12-15): Before adolescence a children needs not to read any special book. In this stage, Rousseau has advised to include physical lesson or any sort of education related to art and culture so that he can develop a sense of respect towards Labour (Dali and Imam, 1999, p. 43). Stage 4 Puberty (15-20): Rousseau has advised to start social education in this stage. Here children can develop a habit of social responsibility, co-operation, respect, love, and fellow feeling. Rousseau said, we are born twice once for existing and again for loving; once for the species and again for sex. (Cited in Bhuiyan, 2010, p. 317) Stage 5 Adulthood (20-25): The adult Emile is introduced to his ideal partner, Sophie. The final task of the tutor is to instruct the young couple in their marital rights and duties. (Boyd, 1911, p. 130) 5.11 Rousseaus View on Women Education Rousseau has negative opinion about women education, which is the result of his experiences in his personal and family life. His attitude towards women education is not accepted by any modern state of the world. A nation can not prosper keeping half of the population uneducated. So Rousseaus attitude towards women education is totally unacceptable and unrealistic in the modern perspective. This is a huge drawback of his philosophy of education. Expart 1 said that Rousseau has proposed to keep women under male domination for children bearing because women become inactive in that time; according to Rousseau, this is the main reason of not giving the supremacy of women over men. There is another reason behind this that is the father has to be sure of the true identity of the new born children. This is the secret of Rousseau of not accepting the equality of men and women. Rousseau has been affected by the fear of women from the civilization; he has seen women as devious. In a poem Rousseau says about women, Enchante

Essay --

Ashley Lotoszynski Darren Pagtakhan Social Justice December 17, 2013 Imaginary Fear Teddy Roosevelt once said that, â€Å"the only thing we have to fear is fear itself†. Fear is a product of the absence of knowledge and thoughts that are blown out of proportion. As humans we are scared of the unknown and what it conceals from us. In the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding, a group of children crash land on an unknown island without adults. As time passes, the kids become uneasy and try to seek comfort in their leaders. When their imagination takes over, the unknown soon ignites their fear and apprehension hinders the juveniles as they attempt to restore order. Since fear is fueled by imagination, the boys’ outward attempt to conquer it only results in violence and chaos. Because we are scared of what we do not know, we believe that the unknown can hurt us. In the beginning, the littluns become scared and speak of a â€Å"beastie†. Piggy asks one of the littluns what he saw and reports that, â€Å"he [the littlun] says he saw the beastie, the snake thing...he says in the morning it turned into them things like ropes in the trees and hung in the branches†(Golding 36). The â€Å"snake thing† is a figment of the littluns’ imagination, causing the children to be more scared which in turn leads them to conjure up more imaginary objects that they believe will hurt them. It is also evident that the boys are scared when Ralph says to Jack that, â€Å"they’re frightened...they dream. You can hear ‘em...They talk and scream...As if it wasn’t a good island† (Golding 52). The boys have nothing to fear on the island however they want to return home where there is danger and war. It is ironic that the boys wan t to leave the island and return home where there ... ...(Golding 181). Jack is a character that instills the fear in the other boys to manipulate them into getting what he wants. By putting the fear into the other boys, they follow him and carry out his evil work leading to violence and chaos. This not only shows that Jack is manipulative, but that he also has a fear of not being a leader and in control. Imagination is the root of fear and leads to destruction and death in the novel. It can make people do irrational things and triggers responses in our security center. In the Lord of the Flies, fear is more dangerous than any beast because the boys are afraid of themselves. Everything that the boys are scared of have an unknown aspect to them. Instead of conquering fear, imagination provokes violence and chaos. The only thing we really have to fear, is fear itself due to its mentally and physically destructive nature.

The Reason You’re Over Weight

Bad Eating Habits Darlene Wilder ENGL135 March 20, 2010 ? Bad Eating Habits You think just because you eat at night that is the reason you’re over weight? True in a way, but the main cause in the United States for obesity is bad eating habits. Almost every citizen doesn’t know that extra eating, and extra late night snacking is a bad eating habit, which causes problems in the future. They practically thinks its normal the way they eat, but long term wise its causes bad health problems from bad eating habits. Bad eating habits can be unhealthy which can be treated by changing your diet and controlling how much you consume. Breaking bad habits is hard to do, using me for example, for years I had bad eating habits it was hard to control does late night cravens, but me as a person had to change for my health and for my children sake. A good starting point is to get very clear on what is considered to be benefiting you making the changes. It’s good to consult with your food doctor to see what they could prescribe you to do to stop your bad eating habits. I know from experience that dieting foods may not have a good taste, but fruits are good supplement to help you start eating healthy foods instead of junk food . This could be your first step on concurring your bad eating habits. Over time, habits become automatic, learned behaviors, and these are stronger than new habits you are trying to incorporate into your life. There are millions of ways for you to stop your bad eating habits; you as a person just have to accept the challenge to change bad eating habits. Instead of eating three full course meals a day, make two course meals a day with a complement of fruit. Try mixing up the meats you eat a week. Bad Eating Habits Instead of fried food have it baked, instead of bake have it steamed there’s plenty of ways to cut those greasy fats out of your lifestyle. Even those who manage there bad eating habits have a relapse from time to time; this could come from stress, loneliness, and depression. In my conclusion bad eating and late night snacking could cause a lot of health problems. Try to change your diet and control how much you consume into your body. The main thing is try to change your habits and consumption and you should not have a problem with being obesity and other medical conditions.

Domestic Violence the Character “Ricky” In the film American Beauty Essay Example

Domestic Violence the Character â€Å"Ricky† In the film American Beauty Essay Example Domestic Violence the Character â€Å"Ricky† In the film American Beauty Essay Domestic Violence the Character â€Å"Ricky† In the film American Beauty Essay Essay Topic: American Beauty Domestic Violence the Character â€Å"Ricky† In the film American Beauty Name: Course: Instructor: Institution: Date: Domestic Violence the Character â€Å"Ricky† In the film American Beauty The movie American Beauty is about a husband and wife who initially have a perfect marriage and life together. The movie is based on family values, structures and people within such setting react to issues either through violence, conversations or ignorance on the existence of such issues. In essence, the movie is embedded in violence within the family structures and the perversion of morals within society. The movie begins with the presence of a couple, Lester Burnham (Kevin Spacey), a middle-aged magazine writer who loathes his job description and his wife Carolyn (Annette Bening) who has an initially happy marriage and family. The two are blessed with daughter by the name Jane (Thora Birch) who is sixteen years old. Their daughter Jane is, experiencing a low self-esteem and hates her parents in addition, Mr. and Mrs. Burnham are leading separate lives oblivious of the suffering of their daughter and her call for attention from her self-absorbed parents who concentrate on their personal and martial problems. In addition, their new neighbors also have their family problems. The family is made up of a retied United States Marine Corps Colonel who could be easily described as a control obsessive man. He is married to a woman who is directly the opposite as she is an introvert and most of the time keeps to herself even it difficult circumstances. They are blessed with a son who due to constant abuse from his father could be easily described as reserved and weird. From the constant harassment and disciplinarian lifestyles which his father has subjected his family to, he eventually becomes a marijuana seller and smoker in efforts to drown his agony he drives from the presence of his father. Lester eventually becomes infatuated with his daughter’s friend Angela Hayes (Mena Suvari), who is a cheerleader. He describes her as extremely attractive after he sees her performing at their high school halftime dances in a basketball game. In addition, his wife begins having an affair with his business opponent, Buddy Keane (Peter Gallagher). This strains their relationship further as both become distant and infatuated with their newfound love obsessions. Lester opts to quit employment eventually blackmailing his boss for $60,000 before an imminent layoff, which he was a victim. With the money, he purchases his dream car and begins bodybuilding after he overhears Angel and Jane talking Angel’s preference of attractive physiques. Eventually Lester discovers his wife’s affair with a business rival but reacts calmly and fails to confront her. This affirms their growing distance from each other, physically and emotionally. After discovering the affair, Buddy ends the affair with Carolyn on claims that he is facing an expensive divorce, leaving Carolyn distraught. She opts to carry a loaded gun and heads home to do the unthinkable. In the meanwhile, Frank the retired marine, becomes suspicious of Lester and his son Ricky’s friendship after he discovers footage belonging to Ricky with Lester lifting some weights while nude. During the same night, Frank witnesses Ricky and Lester in conversation in the garage and concludes that the pair is sexually involved. He opts to punish his son Ricky by beating him thoroughly accusing him of being gay. In order to stop the beating, Ricky opts to admit the false accusations and provokes his father to kick him out of their home. Ricky pressures Jane to flee with him to New York while he tells Angela she is vain and just ordinary like everyone else. Frank, on the other hand, goes over to Lester’s house to confront him and in the event attempts to kiss him, but Lester rebuffs and pushes him. Lester, while in the house, finds Angel crying and she attempts to seduce him. However, she manages to disclose the she is still a virgin and that the claimed sexual exploits were false. They form a bond such that he decides to stop his advances towards her and decides to look at a family photo album in the kitchen while Angela took a shower. Later there is a gunshot and blood splatter on the wall. The scene changes to Carolyn in the bedroom crying and Frank returning to his house covered in blood and one of his guns missing for his favorite gun collection. In the closing remarks and scene, Lester claims that he has discovered the presence of adequate beauty in the world. In essence, Frank engages in physical abuse against his son, Ricky making him an unsociable individual who is self reserved. His abuse is aimed at enhancing control over his family and more so, on his son Ricky who has resorted to drug use for comfort. In addition, Ricky’s mother is self-reserved making the audience suspicious that she is also a victim of abuse from the retired Marine who seems to be on a verge of post-war depression. The relationship between Ricky and his father could be described as tense as Ricky fears stepping out into the world due to the humiliation that he faces from his father. His father exercises and subjects the family to an overly authoritative and military style of rule within the household. This leaves the family with a low self-esteem such that they are unable to venture out into the world and make friends with their neighbors. The impact of the demeaning act of Frank on his son Ricky is evident throughout the program. His son becomes unsociable, as he is unable to relate with other individuals because he considers himself unworthy to mingle with his peers. The results of such harassment within family settings are reduced self-esteem as he is unable to view himself as worthy. In addition, Ricky turns to drug use and the sale of the same with an aim of shutting out any emotions he has for his father an effort to comfort himself. In addition, due to the emotional and physical trauma that Ricky suffers at the hands of his over controlling father, such that he develops a habit of recording all he sees around him in an effort to forget what happens and to engage in something helpful and creative. In addition, this could a form of communication by the character with an aim of communicating the various issues he witnesses around him. In addition, Frank also instigates sexual abuse or harassment in lighter words against Lester when he approaches him in his house and tries to kiss him. Sexual abuse is defined as forced or coerced sexual act or behavior with an aim of gaining power and control over an individual. Sexual harassment reduces the ability of people to engage in healthy relationships, as evidenced by Frank’s inability to relate with his son and family and specifically with his new neighbors. Various appropriate theories could be applied to give explanations as to the reasons for the violent nature if individuals within society and specifically within the movie. Resource theory could be applied within this text in order to explain for the reasons behind the constant abuse that Ricky faces form his father. His father is the only source of support for the family who are in a new neighborhood. The decision to move into a new neighborhood could have been highly influenced by the control that Frank Fitts has over his family. In addition, Ricky’s mother does not possess a source of income such as a business or a job. She opts to conform to all decisions that Frank makes without question in order to please the man who provides for her and her son (.CSAP’s Prevention Pathways: Online Courses, 2012). Hence, Frank‘s continued, violent behavior could be attributed to the economic control he has over his family. In addition, his violence is also an approach used to cement his authority within the relationship for the two. Furthermore, as he has increased power and control over his family, he adds on his control by intimidating his wife and son into doing whatever he wants. In addition, his violent nature could have also been fueled by his social status as a military man who considers and exercises a high degree of discipline. This enables him to exercise his ‘authority’ by intimidating his son and beating him up over his perceived sexual orientation, which is however false and unfounded. This is a clear illustration that Frank has underlying issues for his violent and over controlling nature (Gay Men’s Domestic Violence Project, 2010). Multidimensional theories are also applicable in explanations for the violent behavior exhibited by Frank Fitts in his family. In addition, Franks’ violent behavior against those in his family even thought there is insufficient evidence to state that Ricky’s mother is abused by Frank in any way. It could be presumed that she faces the same treatment from her husband in his efforts to demean them and maintain control and power over them. Multidimensional theories focus on issues such as race, social classes, gender, individuals and their relations, drug use, and individual personality. From the movie, it is evident that Frank exhibits charter traits, which are violent. This could be attributed to numerous issues such as experiences in a family setting whereby he was exposed to harsh treatment and abuse by his guardians or caretakers. This could have played a significant role in the formation of an undesirable violent character trait as he demonstrates in his own house. Ricky, because of exposure to family setting where violence takes precedent, could eventually become violent to his family and those around him. Individuals within violent family settings acquire this trait from their violent parents. It becomes the only means of settling scores and relating with others in society. From the view that he has little value, Ricky instigates emotional abuse against Angela when he confronts her, tells her that she is not special, and is simply ordinary like everyone else, and thus she needs friends like Jane to feel special. This is an indication of the coldness and lack of emotional caution that he does not possess, as he blatantly tells her off considering how highly she regards and considers herself among her peers. In addition, this could also be an indication of the inability to converse in a healthy manner with his peers as he is used to constant harassment from his father. Hence, he lacks any kind words for her, as he has not been taught how to be kind to people and especially to his peers (Continuing Psychology Education, 2005). Intervention of such violent salutations given the outcomes of the violent behavior exhibited by Ricky’s father can be confusing. In addition, Frank assumed that Lester was sexually involved with his son hence it is presumed that he shot Lester because he did not accept is sexual advances. This is an indication that frank does not accept being turned down on his offers. Hence, the means to help Ricky could assume numerous approaches with regard for the law. Lawful intervention via the use of intervention orders seems as the most appropriate means for Ricky to put an end to the violence within their home. This is easily available for a victim of family violence as it is granted from the local Magistrates office. Ricky could seek this form of protection, which might be short terms before the authorities find another means of protection and ending the violence within their family. Such orders could be made Ex parte which means without the presence of the other party instigating the violence. With evidence of previous beatings that he received from his father on claims that he was gay, he could instigate a legal process for seeking an intervention order so long as he is equipped with adequate evidence or proof that the court needs to protect him from his father who is violent and overly controlling. Hence the probabilities of violence against an individual within the family as in the case of Ricky should be high enough for the Magistrate to grant any form of intervention order as either temporary of permanent (Dr.Renata, 2012). It is also evident that Ricky exhibits unsocial behavior because of the constant harassment he receives from his father. Hence, it is paramount to find a remedial action for his unsocial behavior and one that would enable him to have sociable behavior with his peers and those around him. His unsociable behavior could be because of possibly witnessing his mother being abused by his father. In addition, his experiences also add to his hostile behavior towards people who are his peers such as Angela. From such a perspective, Ricky should get counseling on how to vent out anger and to communicate with people on how he feels about the world and his family. In addition as a young man, he has a long future ahead of him, which could be marred with incidences of anger mismanagement. It is also paramount to remove Ricky form his family setting to ensure that he is detached from the constant confrontation he experiences form his father. In addition, to ensure that the chain of confrontation, harassment and beatings that Ricky is exposed to by his father could be cut by ensuring that Frank is arrested fro assault and because on his son and possibly his wife or Ricky’s mother. In conclusion, the effects of violence against children within a family setting could be deterred by ensuring that individuals in such circumstances are availed with avenues for giving information with regard to their experiences of violence instigated by their guardians or individuals within their families such as Ricky experiencing beatings from his father. References Continuing Psychology Education. (2005). â€Å"Domestic Violence†7 Continuing Education Hours. CSAP’s Prevention Pathways: Online Courses. (2012). Alcohol Abuse and Violence against Women. Retrieved from http://pathwayscourses.samhsa.gov/vawp/vawp_8_pg11.htm Dr.Renata, A. (2012). â€Å"Family Violence Intervention Orders (State Law).† The Law Handbook. Retrieved from lawhandbook.org.au/handbook/ch05s04s02.php# Gay Men’s Domestic Violence Project. (2010). Types of Domestic Abuse. Retrieved from http://gmdvp.org/domestic-violence/types-domestic-abuse/

Husband-Wife Communication Essays

Husband-Wife Communication Essays Husband-Wife Communication Paper Husband-Wife Communication Paper One of the most important choices a woman or couple can make is the decision to use contraception. Even if a couple wants a child as soon as possible after marriage, the use of contraception thereafter- for child spacing- is a sensible decision. Data show that optimal spacing between children is at least three to four years. Family planning allows parents to give the child the best chance possible for the nourishment and nurturing it needs- before another child is born. Spacing is also important for the health of the child’s mother and the harmony and financial health of the family unit. Similarly, using contraception to limit the number of children to only those that the couple can truly care and provide for is also a wise decision. For many couples, use of contraception also contributes to a more satisfying sexual relationship by reducing or eliminating the fear of accidental unwanted pregnancy. It is crucial for the well-being of children, families, and communities that family planning information and services be available to help women and men learn about and effectively use a method of contraception. Husband-Wife Communication The ideal situation is good communication between husband and wife about the spacing and number of children they will have. Some women are lucky and are able to make decisions about family planning and family size in collaboration with their husbands. Others, particularly newly married and younger women, have little or no decision-making power in the home, and husbands, parents or mothers-in-law decide for them. Still others use contraception clandestinely, fearing husbands or relatives will disapprove. Women may be afraid out of a sense of modesty or shame to talk to their husbands about family planning. Some say they are too shy to begin discussions with their husbands; others fear their husbands response or worry that their knowledge of sexual issues could be interpreted as promiscuity or infidelity. Conflicts arise about when to have intercourse, whether to use contraception, which method to use, spacing of children, and when the children already born are enough. Many men say their role as financial provider gives them authority to decide how many children the family can afford. Contraceptive use, however, is usually considered the womans responsibility. In many cultures it is believed that men have rights to control their wives’ childbearing. Thus in many countries the law requires a husband’s consent when a woman wants to undergo sterilization. With higher levels of education, couples are increasingly likely to communicate effectively on family planning and use of contraception to space their children and keep their families small. And increasingly men are adopting new models of masculinity that include being a responsible, caring husband and father. Finally, most women do not have the power to deny intercourse to their husbands or partners, or to insist they use a condom. The Key Messages: Improve communication between men and women on issues of sexuality and reproductive health, and the understanding of their joint responsibilities, so that they are equal partners in public and private life. Enable women to exercise their right to control their own fertility and their right to make decisions concerning reproduction, free of coercion, discrimination and violence. Improve the quality of reproductive health services, availability of those services, and eliminate barriers to access. Implement commitments to reducing the tragedy of maternal mortality. Encourage mens responsibility for sexual and reproductive behavior and increase male participation in family planning. Recognize unsafe abortion as a major public health concern, and frame policies and programmes based on a commitment to womens health.  the Effect of Family Planning on Marital Disruption Background The availability of modern contraception can transform womens control over fertility and, in turn, transform control over other aspects of their lives. The effect of contraceptive use on marital stability has been unclear. Contraceptive use may allow employment for pay, which, in turn, may contribute to a womans independence and allow her to terminate an unsatisfactory relationship. On the other hand, control over fertility and increased employment may contribute to marital stability. To determine the impact of contraceptive use on marital disruption, researchers from Cornell University have analyzed data from the Malaysian Family Life survey. The survey included a group of women interviewed in 1976 and reinterviewed in 1988 and a new sample of women interviewed in 1988. The work was funded by the FHI Womens Studies Project through a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Agency for International Development. Study Design In 1976, 1,262 women were interviewed in the first Malaysian Family Life survey; 889 of these women were reinterviewed in 1988. The new sample included 1,867 ever-married women ages 15 to 49. The use of retrospective life histories provided information on the timing of pregnancy and other events in womens lives. Contraceptive use was measured as ever-use of contraception. Marital disruption was defined as divorce or separation. Results The analysis showed that: Women who used contraception were more likely to have a stable marriage than nonusers in Malaysia. In first marriages, marital disruption occurred among 8.8 percent of the 1976 women, 11.1 percent of the women reinterviewed in 1988, and 5.9 percent of the new sample of women. Women who used contraception were significantly less likely than nonusers to experience marital disruption (Table 1). Nonusers were more likely to experience a marital disruption if they had no or few births. If a woman worked before or after marriage, she was at greater risk of marital disruption, but this effect was greater for nonusers than users. Conclusions Users of contraception were significantly less likely than nonusers to experience marital disruption. This relationship held for Malaysian women whose early years of marriage occurred when contraceptive practice was still relatively rare (women interviewed in 1976 and 1988). It also was true for those who had more exposure to modern contraceptive practices (1988 new sample). For both groups, marital disruption was less likely to occur if women used contraception. Those effects were stronger for women who used contraception early in marriage (by age 25), who had fewer births, and who did not work before marriage.

Martin luther king paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Martin luther king paper - Essay Example These victories were achieved a year and two years after Luther’s electrifying speech of 1963 delivered from Lincoln Memorial. Advancement towards racial equity was also evident for Africa Americans by 1968. With such historical changes within America’s after Luther’s great speech, this paper explores ethos and logos as use in his speech moving people to embrace change. Logos rhetoric is used in the speech excellently and is demonstrated through high-level reasoning and logical plea. Everything that Luther says is justified like the generalization concerning segregation and discrimination. For instance, the speech begins by stating America’s history followed by an explanation of the reasons why there was a meeting. According to Luther, a time had come when God’s children would enjoy opened â€Å"...doors of opportunity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Luther also explained clearly the reason for holding the meeting at Washington as intended at â€Å"†¦cash a check†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (852) This meant that all men, black and white, would be certain of alienable rights, pursuit of happiness, and liberty and this words aligned with independence declaration. Luther analogously presented the way thing were during the independence days and the way things would be in coming days. He cites that â€Å"We cannot be satisfied †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (854) walking unaccompanied, with exhausted bodies, or with children robbed their self-esteem and their adulthood exposed. One great usage of pathos was Luther himself. He was an unbearable symbol of American the wrongs in America’s culture and the Americans themselves resulting to his idolization and coronation with a national holiday in Luther’s name. Such an honor indicates the extent to which Americans trusted Luther and supported his call to protest, demonstrate, and march in search of an America free from racism, materialism. The speech also uses

World Litertur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World Litertur - Essay Example Juno has sent me, who cares for both of you alike. Cease, then, this brawling, and do not draw your sword†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Iliad, Book 1). This same interaction with humans could be observed throughout the Odyssey as well. In book 1, we see Minerva disguising herself as Anchialus to give counsel to Ulysses’ son, Telemachus. She did so to give him the courage to wait for his father since his father is still alive. The gods are directly involved with humans, not only to aid them or to answer their prayers or to protect them, but even to take advantage of them, or to be their parents. Achilles has a nymph for a mother, present in The Iliad. The relation of the gods to the humans simulates almost the social interaction that humans have with each other, except that, because of the gods’ supernatural capacities, this interaction with the gods becomes richer (in a sense, becomes more â€Å"supernatural†). The interaction is richer in the sense that the interaction produce s results that may not necessarily happen when humans merely interact with each other. Probably, no human interaction could ever produce an Achilles for example. Poseidon’s hatred of Odysseus brought him everywhere leading to an adventure that no mere mortal of lesser status than Ulysses could ever have or handle. In Dr. Faustus, we have a much weaker protagonist—Faustus certainly does not command the respect of an Achilles or an Odysseus, but he is still god-like. Granted, all characters have their tragic flaws, but Faustus is difficult to like, and this factor makes it easier for the audience to watch him sell his soul to the devil. To reach his goal Faustus, ‘swollen with cunning of a self-conceit’ does not hesitate to sell his soul to Mephistopheles for twenty-four years of supernatural powers. After rejecting all subjects as unworthy of achieving immortal fame, he becomes romantically obsessed with ‘metaphysics of the magicians’ and hastily concludes: ‘A sound magician